What is the primary action a give-way vessel must take?

The primary action a give-way vessel must take is to take early and substantial action to avoid collision. This means that when a vessel is determined to be the give-way vessel—either because it is crossing paths with another vessel that has the right of way or is overtaking another—it must make a clear effort to steer away, slow down, or change course as needed to avoid any potential collision with the stand-on vessel.

This principle is grounded in maritime navigation rules, specifically designed to promote safety at sea. By acting early and making a significant alteration in its course or speed, the give-way vessel reduces the risk of an accident and helps clear a safe path for the stand-on vessel, which is expected to maintain its course and speed.

Maintaining course and speed would be inappropriate for a give-way vessel, as it must actively take measures to avoid the stand-on vessel. Likewise, randomly changing direction does not comply with the conventions of safe navigation and could lead to confusion or even collisions. Speeding up towards the stand-on vessel is contrary to the responsibilities of a give-way vessel, as it increases the risk of an accident rather than reducing it. Therefore, the correct action aligns with the obligation to safely navigate in a way that avoids collisions, making this