What means should every vessel use to prevent collisions?

Every vessel must utilize a combination of sight, hearing, and radar—if available—to effectively prevent collisions. This multi-faceted approach acknowledges the limitations of relying solely on one method of observation. Visual signals allow operators to see other vessels and assess their movements, while sound signals, such as horns or whistles, provide essential information about a vessel's intentions, especially in conditions of limited visibility. Radar enhances this capacity by detecting nearby vessels that may not be visible to the naked eye, particularly in poor weather conditions or at night.

By employing all three methods—sight, hearing, and radar—mariners ensure that they have the most comprehensive awareness of their surroundings, which is critical for making timely decisions to avoid collisions. This integrated approach is in line with the principles of safe navigation and is emphasized in the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea (COLREGS), highlighting the importance of situational awareness on the water.