Where are oil pollution regulations applicable?

Oil pollution regulations are applicable in a wide range of maritime areas, which is why "All of the above" is the correct answer. These regulations are not limited to just one specific area or type of maritime zone.

In territorial waters, which extend up to 12 nautical miles from a nation’s coastline, countries have the right to enforce their laws, including those aimed at preventing oil pollution. This is particularly important since the most significant oil spills can occur close to shore, impacting marine ecosystems, fisheries, and coastal communities.

In international waters, regulations established by international agreements, such as the MARPOL convention, apply to prevent pollution from ships regardless of national boundaries. This means that even outside of a country's territorial waters, ships must adhere to strict guidelines regarding oil discharges.

Additionally, areas near oil rigs are also covered by such regulations, as these locations present significant risks for oil spills due to extraction activities. Therefore, the comprehensive application of oil pollution regulations in various maritime settings is essential for effective environmental protection and maritime safety. This broad applicability underscores the global commitment to reducing oil pollution and safeguarding marine environments.