Which situation describes when warm, moist air interacts with a cold surface, resulting in fog?

The situation that describes when warm, moist air interacts with a cold surface, resulting in fog, is related to radiation cooling. This phenomenon occurs typically during the night when the ground loses heat through radiation. The cold surface cools the air directly above it, causing the moisture in the warmer, more humid air near the ground to condense into tiny water droplets, leading to the formation of fog.

In this context, radiation cooling is crucial because it helps significantly lower the temperature of the air right at the surface. When this cooler air comes into contact with the warmer, humid air above, the temperature drop results in condensation, thereby creating fog.

Other processes, while they might involve various temperature changes or humidity shifts, do not directly lead to fog in the same way as radiation cooling does. Hence, radiation cooling specifically describes the interaction of warm, moist air with a cold surface that results in fog formation most effectively.